Ene 172013
In the previous article we installed xen 4.1 on debian squeeze, now let’s install some tools that will help us manage our VPSs, for now install xen-tools vnstat and, as always using apt-get for the update management is more easy.
First install vnstat
root@x49:/# apt-get install vnstat Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: vnstati The following NEW packages will be installed: vnstat 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/82.4 kB of archives. After this operation, 311 kB of additional disk space will be used. Selecting previously deselected package vnstat. (Reading database ... 28735 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking vnstat (from .../vnstat_1.10-1_amd64.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up vnstat (1.10-1) ... Starting vnStat daemon: vnstatdZero database found, exiting. failed!
The error is that there is not assigned network interfaces to vnstat, then proceed to add, in this case add eth0, eth1 and xenbr0
root@x49:/# vnstat -u -i eth0 Error: Unable to read database "/var/lib/vnstat/eth0". Info: -> A new database has been created. root@x49:/# vnstat -u -i eth1 Error: Unable to read database "/var/lib/vnstat/eth1". Info: -> A new database has been created. root@x49:/# vnstat -u -i xenbr0 Error: Unable to read database "/var/lib/vnstat/xenbr0". Info: -> A new database has been created. root@x49:/#
and the restart vnstat
root@x49:/# /etc/init.d/vnstat restart Stopping vnStat daemon: vnstatd. Starting vnStat daemon: vnstatd. root@x49:/#
Now install xen-tools, install the version that is in debian testing, first add at the end of your /etc/apt/preferences the following lines
Package: xen-tools Pin: release a=testing Pin-Priority: 750
and now proceed to install
root@x49:/# apt-get install xen-tools Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: debootstrap libconfig-inifiles-perl libexpect-perl libfile-slurp-perl libio-pty-perl libio-stty-perl libtext-template-perl Suggested packages: reiserfsprogs xfsprogs cfengine2 btrfs-tools Recommended packages: rinse The following NEW packages will be installed: debootstrap libconfig-inifiles-perl libexpect-perl libfile-slurp-perl libio-pty-perl libio-stty-perl libtext-template-perl xen-tools 0 upgraded, 8 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 559 kB of archives. After this operation, 1,761 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Get:1 http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main libio-stty-perl all 0.02-10 [10.1 kB] Get:2 http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main libio-pty-perl amd64 1:1.08-1 [42.5 kB] Get:3 http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main libexpect-perl all 1.20-2 [78.0 kB] Get:4 http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main libfile-slurp-perl all 9999.13-1 [16.8 kB] Get:5 http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main debootstrap all 1.0.26+squeeze1 [57.5 kB] Get:6 http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main libconfig-inifiles-perl all 2.52-1+squeeze1 [48.0 kB] Get:7 http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ squeeze/main libtext-template-perl all 1.45-1 [54.5 kB] Get:8 http://ftp.debian.org/debian/ wheezy/main xen-tools all 4.3.1-1 [252 kB] Fetched 559 kB in 5s (104 kB/s) Selecting previously deselected package libio-stty-perl. (Reading database ... 28749 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking libio-stty-perl (from .../libio-stty-perl_0.02-10_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libio-pty-perl. Unpacking libio-pty-perl (from .../libio-pty-perl_1%3a1.08-1_amd64.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libexpect-perl. Unpacking libexpect-perl (from .../libexpect-perl_1.20-2_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libfile-slurp-perl. Unpacking libfile-slurp-perl (from .../libfile-slurp-perl_9999.13-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package debootstrap. Unpacking debootstrap (from .../debootstrap_1.0.26+squeeze1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libconfig-inifiles-perl. Unpacking libconfig-inifiles-perl (from .../libconfig-inifiles-perl_2.52-1+squeeze1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package libtext-template-perl. Unpacking libtext-template-perl (from .../libtext-template-perl_1.45-1_all.deb) ... Selecting previously deselected package xen-tools. Unpacking xen-tools (from .../xen-tools_4.3.1-1_all.deb) ... Processing triggers for man-db ... Setting up libio-stty-perl (0.02-10) ... Setting up libio-pty-perl (1:1.08-1) ... Setting up libexpect-perl (1.20-2) ... Setting up libfile-slurp-perl (9999.13-1) ... Setting up debootstrap (1.0.26+squeeze1) ... Setting up libconfig-inifiles-perl (2.52-1+squeeze1) ... Setting up libtext-template-perl (1.45-1) ... Setting up xen-tools (4.3.1-1) ... root@x49:/#
We have it installed, now proceed to configure xen-tools for that must edit /etc/xen-tools/xen-tools.conf look so well
NOTE: This is a basic configuration for testing, the original file has many options and are very well commented making it easy to fit the needs of each particular installation
NOTE 2: Modify data by corresponding network, this file is for a network 192.168.252.0
root@x49:/# cat /etc/xen-tools/xen-tools.conf ## dir = /var/lib/xen/DomUs # # # install-method = [ debootstrap | rinse | rpmstrap | copy | tar ] # # install-method = debootstrap # ## # Disk and Sizing options. ## # size = 4Gb # Disk image size. memory = 512Mb # Memory size swap = 512Mb # Swap size # noswap = 1 # Don't use swap at all for the new system. fs = ext4 # use the EXT3 filesystem for the disk image. dist = `xt-guess-suite-and-mirror --suite` # Default distribution to install. image = full # Specify sparse vs. full disk images. # # Uncomment and adjust these network settings if you wish to give your # new instances static IP addresses. # gateway = 192.168.252.1 netmask = 255.255.255.0 broadcast = 192.168.252.255 # # You can also change the password length by uncommenting and # changing the line below # genpass_len = 8 # # # Uncomment the following line if you wish to interactively setup a # new root password for images. # # passwd = 1 # # # Default kernel and ramdisk to use for the virtual servers # kernel = /boot/vmlinuz-`uname -r` initrd = /boot/initrd.img-`uname -r` # # The architecture to use when using debootstrap, rinse, or rpmstrap. # # This is most useful on 64 bit host machines, for other systems it # doesn't need to be used. # # arch = [i386|amd64] # # # The default mirror for debootstrap to install Debian-derived distributions # mirror = `xt-guess-suite-and-mirror --mirror` # # Filesystem options for the different filesystems we support. # ext3_options = noatime,nodiratime,errors=remount-ro ext2_options = noatime,nodiratime,errors=remount-ro xfs_options = defaults reiserfs_options = defaults btrfs_options = defaults root@x49:/#
Create the file /etc/xen-tools/partitions.d/default_4G with the following content
NOTE: This file is created for our tests, you can create multiple files with different partitioning schemes using the example /etc/xen-tools/partitions.d/sample-server
NOTE 2: If you are going to use reiserfs, xfs or btrfs not forget before install packages reiserfsprogs, xfsprogs and btrfs-tools
root@x49:/# cat /etc/xen-tools/partitions.d/default_4G [root] size=4G type=ext4 mountpoint=/ options=sync,errors=remount-ro [swap] size=512M type=swap root@x49:/#
Now create the file /etc/modprobe.d/loop.conf with the following content (NOTE: max_loop configure it with a 32 but should choose the one that best fits your needs)
root@x49:/# cat /etc/modprobe.d/loop.conf options loop max_loop=32 root@x49:/#
Then unload and load the loop module to load with the option you have configured
root@x49:/# rmmod loop ; modprobe loop root@x49:/#
We now proceed to perform the first installation of a DomU and checked that everything runs smoothly
root@x49:/# xen-create-image --dist=squeeze --hostname=x50 --vifname=x50 --mac=00:16:C0:A8:FC:32 --ip=192.168.252.50 --partitions=default_4G
WARNING
-------
You appear to have a "dummy" vif-script, or network-script, setting
in the Xen configuration file /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp.
Please fix this and restart Xend, or your guests will not be able to
use any networking!
General Information
--------------------
Hostname : x50
Distribution : squeeze
Mirror : http://ftp.debian.org/debian/
Partitions : swap 512M (swap)
/ 4G (ext4)
Image type : full
Memory size : 512Mb
Kernel path : /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-0.bpo.4-amd64
Initrd path : /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-0.bpo.4-amd64
Networking Information
----------------------
IP Address 1 : 192.168.252.50 [MAC: 00:16:C0:A8:FC:32]
Netmask : 255.255.255.0
Broadcast : 192.168.252.255
Gateway : 192.168.252.1
Creating partition image: /var/lib/xen/DomUs/domains/x50/swap.img
Done
Creating swap on /var/lib/xen/DomUs/domains/x50/swap.img
Done
Creating partition image: /var/lib/xen/DomUs/domains/x50/root.img
Done
Creating ext4 filesystem on /var/lib/xen/DomUs/domains/x50/root.img
Done
Installation method: debootstrap
Done
Running hooks
Done
No role scripts were specified. Skipping
Creating Xen configuration file
Done
No role scripts were specified. Skipping
Setting up root password
Generating a password for the new guest.
All done
Logfile produced at:
/var/log/xen-tools/x50.log
Installation Summary
---------------------
Hostname : x50
Distribution : squeeze
IP-Address(es) : 192.168.252.50
RSA Fingerprint : 92:96:56:40:60:4d:17:ce:72:5a:28:32:81:6f:9a:b3
Root Password : xxxxxxxx
root@x49:/#
Now edit the file /etc/xen/x50.cfg and add extra options for our kernel
Note: Each particular case may require different kernel options.
root@x49:/# cat /etc/xen/x50.cfg
#
# Configuration file for the Xen instance x50, created
# by xen-tools 4.3.1 on Thu Jan 17 01:33:06 2013.
#
#
# Kernel + memory size
#
kernel = '/boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-0.bpo.4-amd64'
ramdisk = '/boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-0.bpo.4-amd64'
vcpus = '1'
memory = '512'
#
# Disk device(s).
#
root = '/dev/xvda2 ro'
disk = [
'file:/var/lib/xen/DomUs/domains/x50/root.img,xvda2,w',
'file:/var/lib/xen/DomUs/domains/x50/swap.img,xvda1,w',
]
#
# Physical volumes
#
#
# Hostname
#
name = 'x50'
#
# Networking
#
vif = [ 'ip=192.168.252.50 ,mac=00:16:C0:A8:FC:32,vifname=x50' ]
#
# Behaviour
#
on_poweroff = 'destroy'
on_reboot = 'restart'
on_crash = 'restart'
extra = 'elevator=deadline console=hvc0 noht loglevel=0'
And now we proceed to start the VPS
root@x49:/# xen create /etc/xen/x50.cfg -c
Parsing config file /etc/xen/x50.cfg
Daemon running with PID 18964
Loading, please wait...
Begin: Loading essential drivers ... done.
Begin: Running /scripts/init-premount ... done.
Begin: Mounting root file system ... Begin: Running /scripts/local-top ... done.
Begin: Running /scripts/local-premount ... done.
Begin: Running /scripts/local-bottom ... done.
done.
Begin: Running /scripts/init-bottom ... done.
INIT: version 2.88 booting
Using makefile-style concurrent boot in runlevel S.
Starting the hotplug events dispatcher: udevd.
Synthesizing the initial hotplug events...done.
Waiting for /dev to be fully populated...done.
Activating swap...done.
Checking root file system...fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2
/dev/xvda2: clean, 13836/262144 files, 168287/1048576 blocks
done.
Loading kernel modules...done.
Cleaning up ifupdown....
Setting up networking....
Activating lvm and md swap...done.
Checking file systems...fsck from util-linux-ng 2.17.2
done.
Mounting local filesystems...done.
Activating swapfile swap...done.
Cleaning up temporary files....
Configuring network interfaces...done.
Cleaning up temporary files...Setting kernel variables ...done.
.
INIT: Entering runlevel: 2
Using makefile-style concurrent boot in runlevel 2.
Starting enhanced syslogd: rsyslogd.
Starting periodic command scheduler: cron.
Starting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd.
Debian GNU/Linux 6.0 x50 hvc0
x50 login:
Then we login via ssh and check our VPS is installed correctly.
Then we can create a custom script vif-bridge so that when starting the VPS add the interface to vnstat, we put the script in /usr/local/xen/vif-bridge-local.sh with the following content
root@x49:/# cat /usr/local/xen/vif-bridge-local.sh
#!/bin/bash
XENSTORE_READ=/usr/sbin/xenstore-read
VNSTAT=/usr/bin/vnstat
THIS_FILE=`basename $0`
FILE_LOG_ERRORS=/var/log/${THIS_FILE}.log
. /etc/xen/scripts/xen-script-common.sh
ACTION_TYPE=$1
TYPEIF=$2
evalVariables "$@"
dev=vif
case "$type_if" in
vif)
dev=${vif}
;;
tap)
dev=$INTERFACE
;;
*)
exit 1
;;
esac
if [ "${ACTION_TYPE}" = "online" ]
then
if [ "${type_if}" = "vif" ]
then
/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge $@
KEY_VIFNAME=/local/domain/0/${XENBUS_PATH}/vifname
vifname=`${XENSTORE_READ} ${KEY_VIFNAME} 2>/dev/null`
${VNSTAT} -u -i ${vifname} 1>/dev/null 2>>${FILE_LOG_ERRORS}
${VNSTAT} --enable -i ${vifname} 1>/dev/null 2>>${FILE_LOG_ERRORS}
${VNSTAT} --sync -i ${vifname} 1>/dev/null 2>>${FILE_LOG_ERRORS}
${VNSTAT} --reset -i ${vifname} 1>/dev/null 2>>${FILE_LOG_ERRORS}
else
/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge $@
fi
fi
if [ "${ACTION_TYPE}" = "offline" ]
then
if [ "${type_if}" = "vif" ]
then
KEY_VIFNAME=/local/domain/0/${XENBUS_PATH}/vifname
vifname=`${XENSTORE_READ} ${KEY_VIFNAME} 2>/dev/null`
${VNSTAT} -r --disable -i ${vifname} 1>/dev/null 2>>${FILE_LOG_ERRORS}
/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge $@
else
/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge $@
fi
fi
if [ "${ACTION_TYPE}" = "add" ]
then
/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge $@
fi
root@x49:/#
And edit /etc/xen/xl.conf look so
root@x49:/# cat /etc/xen/xl.conf ## Global XL config file ## # automatically balloon down dom0 when xen doesn't have enough free # memory to create a domain autoballoon=0 # full path of the lockfile used by xl during domain creation lockfile="/var/lock/xl" # default vif script #vifscript="/etc/xen/scripts/vif-bridge" vifscript="/usr/local/xen/vif-bridge-local.sh" root@x49:/#
Within this script if we can call some script itself to be responsible for limiting the bandwidth of the interface VPS, we’ll see in a future article.
About Ricardo Marcelo Alvarez
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